Fig. 2: ASS1 expression is upregulated and correlates with APC mutations in human colorectal adenomas and carcinomas.

A ASS1 mRNA and ASS1 protein expression in 20 different colorectal cancer cell lines. Per cell line the mutational status of APC, KRAS, SMAD4, and TP53 is indicated below. B ASS1 mRNA expression in the same 20 colorectal cancer cell lines as in (A), separated by their mutational status. ^**p < 0.01 by Kruskal-Wallis test. C ASS1 expression in paired samples of normal mucosa and colorectal adenoma tissue (n = 32) from the publicly available expression dataset GDS2947. ^****p < 0.0001 by Wilcoxon signed rank test. D qRT-PCR for ASS1 in tissue from 60 adenoma and 8 carcinoma samples with paired controls. ^*p < 0.05, ^****p < 0.0001 by Wilcoxon signed rank test. E immunohistochemistry for ASS1 in healthy (n = 70), adenoma (n = 12), and carcinoma (n = 75) tissue. Micrographs show representative images. Scale bar indicates 100 µm. F Quantification of (E), which was scored in a blinded manner by two independent observers. ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.