Fig. 3: Renal AMPK, p-AMPK, and NLRP3 expression in HFD/STZ induced diabetic mice following metformin treatment.

A Renal IHC staining with anti-p-AMPK antibody (upper panel) and anti-NLRP3 antibody (lower panel) (magnification ×400). B Western blot analysis of NLRP3 (upper panel), p-AMPK, AMPK (middle panel), and IL-1βprotein (lower panel) expression. C–F Densitometric analyses of the Western blotting results, NLRP3 to β-actin (C), p-AMPK to β-actin (D), AMPK to β-actin (E), IL-1β to β-actin (F). Values are presented as the mean ± SD, *P < 0.05 vs. control group, #P < 0.05 vs. STZ + HFD group, n = 3.