Fig. 5: Effects of metformin on mitochondrial morphology, mitophagy and MMP in HK-2 cells exposed to HG/HFA conditions. | Cell Death & Disease

Fig. 5: Effects of metformin on mitochondrial morphology, mitophagy and MMP in HK-2 cells exposed to HG/HFA conditions.

From: AMPK agonist alleviate renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis via activating mitophagy in high fat and streptozotocin induced diabetic mice

Fig. 5

A Laser-scanning confocal microscopy detection showed that LC3II expression and mitochondrial morphology in HK-2 cells exposed to HG/HFA conditions and pretreated with metformin (magnification ×630). B TMRE staining for mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in HK-2 cells subjected to HG/HFA treatment with metformin (magnification ×630). C TEM analysis showed obvious mitochondrial morphological changes in HK-2 cells under HG/HFA condition, such as mitochondria swelling, these changes were partially reversed by metformin therapy. In addition, metformin treatment group exhibited conspicuous mitochondrial autophagosome compared with the HG/HFA group (a–c magnification ×4000, upper panel; d–f magnification ×20,000, bottom panel). D Semi-quantification of mitochondrial fragmentation of various group. E Semi-quantification of LC3-positive punctate per cell. F Semi-quantification for the co-localization of LC3II and mitochondria. G Quantification of MMP as measured with TMRE staining. Values are presented as the mean ± SD, *P < 0.05 vs. LG group, #P < 0.05 vs. HG/HFA group, n = 3.

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