Table 1 Commonly studied synthetic caspase inhibitors.

Peptide-based inhibitors

Ac‐IETD‐CHO

Caspase-8

[55]

Ac‐YVAD‐CHO

Caspase-1

[55]

Ac‐DEVD‐CMK

Caspase-3

[152]

[153]

Z-VAD-FMK

Broad spectrum, e.g., caspase-2, -3, -8 & -9

[154]

[63]

Z-YVAD-FMK

Caspase-1, -4

[155]

Boc-D-FMK

Broad spectrum, e.g., caspase-3, -7–9, poor inhibitor of caspase-2, -5, -6, -10

[154]

[156]

TRP-601

Caspase-2

[157]

Q-VD-OPh

Broad spectrum, e.g., caspase-1, -2, -3, -6, -8. -9

[154]

Peptidomimetic inhibitors

VX-765 (belnacasan)

Caspase-1

[12]

VRT-043198 (the active metabolite of VX-765)

Caspase-1, -4

[158]

VX-740 (pralnacasan)

Caspase-1

[39]

IDN-6556 (emricasan, PF-034911390)

Broad spectrum, e.g., caspase-3, -7, -8

[159]

[160]

VX-166

Broad spectrum, e.g., caspase-1, -3, -7

[161]

M826

Caspase-3

[162]

M867

Caspase-3

[162]

Non-peptidic compounds

QPI-1007 (cosdosiran)

Caspase-2

[163]

NCX-1000

Caspase-3, -8, -9

[12]

[164]

Isatin sulfonamides

Caspase-3, -7

[165]

Allosteric caspase inhibitors

FICA

Caspase-3, -7

[166]

[44]

DICA

Caspase-3, -7

[166]

[44]