Fig. 4: GOLPH3 overexpression enhances the tumorigenicity and metastasis of NSCLC cells in vivo.

a Tumors formed by different numbers of A549 cells (1 × 106, 1 × 105, 1 × 104, or 1 × 103) transduced with pMSCV-GOLPH3, pMSCV-vector, pSuper-GOLPH3-shRNA#1, or pSuper-vector plasmid. b Tumor growth curves following implantation of 1 × 106, 1 × 105, 1 × 104, or 1 × 103 cells. c–e Histological confirmation of tumor cells by H&E staining. Representative images of an IHC assay of MUC1 in metastatic lesions in the intestine (c), diaphragm (d), and liver (e). f Histological confirmation of tumor cells by H&E staining. Representative images of an IHC assay of GOLPH3, CD133, and ZEB1 in subcutaneous tumors formed by the indicated cells.