Fig. 9: Model illustrating the mechanism regulated by LOXL2 in PDAC progression.

1 Hypoxia induces LOXL2 expression in a HIF1α-dependent fashion. 2 LOXL2 inhibits the hydroxylation of HIF1α to stabilize it via hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the byproduct of LOXL2 catalytic activity, resulting in the expression of multiple glycolytic genes. 3 LOXL2 drives pancreatic cancer growth and metastatic progression dependent on the Warburg effect.