Fig. 2: The regions and amino acid sites essential for BNIP3L biological functions.
From: BNIP3L/NIX-mediated mitophagy: molecular mechanisms and implications for human disease
The LIR (LC3 interaction region) region binds with Atg8 proteins to induce mitophagy. The MER (Minimal essential region) is also essential for mitophagy. BH3 (BCL2 homolog 3) induces apoptosis. The TM (transmembrane domain) domain facilitates BNIP3L mitochondrial location. S34 and S35 phosphorylation promotes mitophagy. S82 phosphorylation is required but not sufficient to induce mitophagy. S117, S118, and S120 are phosphorylated by CK2, but their biological function remains unidentified. S204 and S108 are important for BNIP3L dimer stabilization. S204 and S212 phosphorylation promote BNIP3L homodimerization.
