Table 1 Involvement of iron in the metabolism of glucose, lipid, and amino acids.
From: Double-edge sword roles of iron in driving energy production versus instigating ferroptosis
Metabolism | Altered processes | Refs |
|---|---|---|
Glucose | Iron deficiency induces preferential usage of glucose, and increases glucose uptake and transport. Iron overload induces insulin resistance and suppresses gluconeogenesis. | |
Lipid | Iron deficiency impairs fatty acid oxidation and desaturation of fatty acids, but promotes lipogenesis. Iron overload also inhibits fatty acid oxidation. | |
Amino acids | Iron is required for 4-hydroxyproline synthesis, cysteine catabolism, and glycine cleavage. Ironically, both iron-driven Fenton reaction and iron chelation promote amino acid oxidation. |
