Fig. 3: Induction of asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP) expression in podocytes by intrarenal lentiviral gene delivery ameliorated podocyte injury and renal damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN).

A Representative images of immunofluorescence co-staining between eGFP and Synaptopodin are shown to compare the eGFP expression and localization between the right and left kidneys (rAAV9-eGFP injected). Scale bar: 25 μm. B Representative image of immunostaining for AEP and Synaptopodin shows extensive overlap in rAAV9-AEP injected kidney glomeruli. Scale bar: 25 μm. C Representative image showing Nephrin and WT1 immunostaining, podocyte foot process, and glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and glomerular morphological changes in different groups of mice. White and black scale bar: 25 μm; red scale bar: 2 μm. D Quantification of WT1-positive cells, N = 6. E Indices for glomerular filtration barrier integrity, including GBM thickness, foot process width, and the number of foot processes/μm GBM. F Quantitative analyses of the percentage of mesangial matrix area. N = 6. ****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, data were represented as mean ± SEM.