Fig. 7: SUMOylation of PDPK1 is essential for CD4 + T-cell proliferation.

A Transfection of WT and MU PDPK1 confirmed the phospho-proteomic result, as indicated by the expression of (p-) PDPK1 (Ser241), (p-) AKT (Thr308), (p-) AKT (Ser403), and (p-) mTOR (Ser2448) (3 times replication). B Naive T cells were transduced with WT (n = 3) and MU PDPK1 (n = 2) virus. Shown is the Ki67⁺ proliferative cells within each group (WT: 26.77 ± 2.23% vs. MU: 17.30 ± 0.40%, p < 0.05). C Treg cells were transduced with WT and MU PDPK1 virus. Shown is the Ki67⁺ proliferative cells within each group (WT: 44.53 ± 1.71% vs. MU: 27.75 ± 0.45%, p < 0.01) (n = 3). D Ubc9-deficient Treg cells were transduced with either vector or WT PDPK1 virus. Shown is the Ki67⁺ proliferative cells within each group (n = 3). E–H Naive T cells were transduced with WT and MU PDPK1 virus, and differentiated into distinct subsets. For MU Th1, (n = 2); for rest of the conditions, (n = 3). The p-value was determined by Student’s unpaired t-test.