Fig. 1: Oxethazaine inhibits the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells.

A Chemical structure of the oxethazaine. B KYSE150 cells, KYSE450 cells, and SHEE cells were seeded in 96-well plates and treated with oxethazaine for 24 h and 48 h. The IC50 value of oxethazaine on ESCC cells and normal esophageal epithelial cells. C The cells were treated with various concentrations of oxethazaine (0, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 µM) and cell numbers were measured at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h using the IN Cell Analyzer 6000 software. D Effect of oxethazaine on anchorage-independent growth of ESCC cells. KYSE150 and KYSE450 cells (8 × 103/well) were treated with various concentrations of oxethazaine (0, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 µM) in an 1.25% Basal Medium Eagle agar matrix containing 10% FBS and cultured for 8 days. Colonies were counted using the IN Cell Analyzer 6000 soft agar program. E Cell cycle was analyzed by PI staining and the number of cells in each phase was analyzed by Modfit (n = 3). F Effect of oxethazaine on cell migration of ESCC cells by wound healing assay. G Effect of oxethazaine on cell invasion of ESCC cells with transwell assay. All data are shown as means ± S.D. The asterisks (*, **, ***) indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively).