Fig. 7: Metformin indirectly inhibited the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway to suppress cell proliferation. | Cell Death & Disease

Fig. 7: Metformin indirectly inhibited the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway to suppress cell proliferation.

From: Metformin suppresses the growth of colorectal cancer by targeting INHBA to inhibit TGF-β/PI3K/AKT signaling transduction

Fig. 7

a, b qPCR measured the mRNA expression of EGF after altering INHBA (a) or treating with metformin (b). c, d upregulating (c) or silencing (d) INHBA enhanced or mitigated the activity of the PI3K/AKT pathway. e, f Metformin treatment restraint of PI3K/AKT activation in CRC cells (e) and subcutaneous tumor tissues (f). g PI3K/AKT signaling activity after INHBA overexpression and metformin treatment. h TGF-β inhibitor blocked the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway induced by INHBA overexpression. SB431542, an inhibitor of activinR I and TGFβR I. i INHBA positively affected the mRNA level of cyclinD1 (Student’s t test). j TGF-β inhibitor counteracted the acceleration of cell proliferation induced by INHBA overexpression. The values are shown as the mean ± SD and experiments were independently repeated three times. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001.

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