Fig. 4: Complement induces the production of ROS and mitochondrial depolarization in podocytes. | Cell Death & Disease

Fig. 4: Complement induces the production of ROS and mitochondrial depolarization in podocytes.

From: Complement induces podocyte pyroptosis in membranous nephropathy by mediating mitochondrial dysfunction

Fig. 4

A Electron microscopy observation of changes in mitochondrial morphology in podocytes of healthy controls and MN patients. Triangles (Δ), electron-dense deposits; Arrowheads (>), severe mitochondrial damage: vacuolar degeneration of mitochondria. B Relative ratios of JC-1 red/green fluorescence intensity were assessed by flow cytometry to verify the mitochondrial membrane potential in cultured podocytes. The ratio of JC-1 red/green fluorescence reflects the degree of depolarization of the mitochondria. C–E Inhibitors of pyroptosis-related molecules were used to validate the involvement of ROS in complement-induced pyroptosis. C Production of mitochondrial ROS was detected using MitoSOX in cultured podocytes (scale bar = 20 μm). Quantification is shown in the panels below (8–17 high-power fields were analyzed in each group in the left panel; 10–15 high-power fields were analyzed in each group in the right panel). D, E Production of ROS was detected using flow cytometry in cultured podocytes. Quantification is shown in the right panels. The data in (B), (D), and (E) represent the mean ± SEM of four independent experiments. *p < 0.05.

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