Fig. 2: Metabolite summary and significantly altered biochemicals.

a The dataset comprises 1516 biochemicals, 1214 compounds of known identity (named biochemicals), and 302 compounds of unknown structural identity (unnamed biochemicals). ANOVA contrasts were used to identify biochemicals that differed significantly between experimental groups. A summary of the numbers of biochemicals that achieved statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05), as well as those approaching significance (0.05 < p < 0.10) is shown. b Analysis by two-way ANOVA identified biochemicals exhibiting significant interaction and main effects for experimental parameters of COVID-19 and sex. c A summary of biochemical families that achieved statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05). Ten families of metabolic biochemicals were identified: amino acids, peptides, carbohydrates, energy, lipids including primary and secondary bile acid metabolites, nucleotides, co-factors and vitamins, xenobiotics, partially characterized and unnamed biochemicals.