Fig. 6: Inhibition of YAP signaling delays chondrosarcoma progression in Col2-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f mice.
A Representative X-ray images of Col2-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f and Col2-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f/YAPf/f mice at 6 months. The red arrows direct to the destruction in the spine. B Tumor volume analysis as indicated. N = 5. C Representative H&E staining images of chondrosarcoma lung metastasis as indicated. N = 3. Scale bar, 100 μm. D Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicating overall survival of Col2-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f mice and controls as indicated. N = 30. E Cell proliferation rate of chondrosarcoma cells from Col2-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f and Col2-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f/YAPf/f mice as shown by WST-1 assay after D0, D1, D2, and D3. F–I Representative images and quantitative analysis of soft agar (F), migration (G), invasion (H), and tumorsphere (I) using primary chondrosarcoma cells from Col2-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f and Col2-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f/YAPf/f mice as indicated. N = 3. J Representative X-ray images of spines after treatment with metformin (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) or PBS (control) three times per week for 3 months as indicated. N = 5. K Tumor volume analysis after treatment with 400 mg/kg metformin or PBS (control) three times per week for 3 months as indicated. N = 5. L Representative Safranin O/Fast Green staining images of spinal chondrosarcoma from Col2-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f mice after treatment with metformin (0 and 400 mg/kg) three times per week for 3 months as indicated. N = 3. The red arrows direct to chondrosarcoma in the spine. Error bars were the means ± SEM from three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
