Fig. 2: Effects of exosomal circRNAs on immune checkpoints and T cells.
From: Roles of exosomal circRNAs in tumour immunity and cancer progression

CircRNAs sponge specific miRNAs as they enter cancer cells or T cells, increasing PDL1/PD1 expression. After PD1 was combined with PDL1, the activity and proliferation of T cells decreased significantly.