Fig. 2: Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) induces production of chemokines and infiltration of immune cells.

A Hierarchical clustering analysis of the differentially expressed mRNAs in IR group compared to Sham group (green, low; red, high). Three significantly upregulated mRNAs: CXCL1, CXCL2, and CCL2 (fold-change > 10) were highlighted in red box. B KEGG pathway enrichment analysis for upregulated mRNAs. C–E Time course of chemokine CXCL1 (C), CXCL2 (D), and CCL2 (E) expression. Data represent mean ± SEM. n = 6–8. **p < 0.01 versus Sham group. F Immunofluorescence staining of Gr-1 and F4/80 in the kidney 6 h and 24 h after renal IR. Gr-1 was used as a marker of neutrophils, and F4/80 was used as a marker of macrophages. Scale bar, 100 μm. G Quantification of Gr-1-positive neutrophils and F4/80-positive macrophages in the kidneys. Data represent mean ± SEM. n = 6. **p < 0.01.