Table 5 Summary of studies on the role of extracellular vesicles in liver fibrosis.

From: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for immunomodulation and regeneration: a next generation therapeutic tool?

EVs source

Target cells or tissues

Animal model

Molecular mechanism

Action effect

Ref

hBMSC-Exos

Hepatic stellate cells

CCl4-induced liver fibrosis

Inhibited the expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, α-SMA, and Collagen I

Effectively alleviate liver fibrosis, and enhance liver functionality, hepatocyte regeneration

[126]

AMSC-EVs

Hepatic stellate cells

NASH, liver fibrosis

Decrease the number of KCs and the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL1-β, IL 6, TGF-β, LPS, and TLR4

Improve liver inflammation and fibrosis

[127]

ADSC-Exos

HST-T6 cells*

Induced liver injury by CCl4

Down-regulate STAT3 and Bcl-2 and activated autophagy

Effective anti-liver fibrotic and attenuate liver injury

[128]

AMSC-Exos

Hepatic stellate cells

CCl4-induced liver fibrosis

miR-122

Enhance the therapeutic efficacy of AMSCs in the treatment of liver fibrosis

[129]

hTMSC-EVs

Human primary hepatic stellate cells

CCl4-induced liver fibrosis

MiR-486 inactivates hedgehog signaling

Attenuate HSC activation and liver fibrosis

[130]

  1. ADSC adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell, AMSC amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cell, BMSC bone mesenchymal stem cell, CCl4 carbon tetrachloride, EVs extracellular vesicles, Exos exosomes, HSC hepatic stellate cell, NASH nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, TMSC tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cell.
  2. *HST-T6, mouse hepatic stellate cell line.
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