Table 6 Summary of studies on the role of extracellular vesicles in kidney fibrosis.
EVs source | Target cells or tissues | Animal model | Molecular mechanism | Action effect | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
hUC-MSC-Exos | Kidney tissue | UUO | Through CK1δ/β-TRCP inhibited YAP activity | Ameliorate renal fibrosis | [132] |
hUC-MSC-Exos | Renal tubular epithelial cells | UUO | Inhibit ROS-mediated p38MAPK/ERK signaling pathway | Attenuate renal fibrosis | [133] |
BMSC-EVs | HK-2 cells | UUO | Inhibit RhoA/ROCK pathway | Attenuate renal fibrosis | [134] |
BMSC-EVs | Pericytes; Fibroblasts; Macrophages | UUO | MiR-34c-5p inhibits the core fucosylation of multiple proteins | Ameliorate RIF | [135] |
ADSCs-Exos | Podocyte | – | MiR-215-5p shuttles to podocyte, and inhibits the transcription of ZEB2 | Improve podocyte dysfunction and DN symptoms | [136] |
ADSCs-Exos | Podocyte | Spontaneous diabetes mice | Enhance the expression of miR-486, inhibit of Smad1/mTOR signaling pathway | Ameliorate DN symptom | [137] |
hUC-MSC-EVs | HK-2 cells* | Diabetes and hyperuricemia mice | MiR-451a decreases α-SMA and increases e-cadherin expression by targeting 3′-UTR sites of P15 and P19 | Decrease the morphologic and functional injury of kidney | [138] |
BMSC-EVs | Renal tissue | Streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus rat | Enhance the expression of LC3, Beclin-1 and decrease the level of mTOR and fibrotic marker | Attenuate DN symptom | [139] |
hBMSC-EVs | Glomerulus | NOD/SCID/IL2Rγ KO (NSG) mice | Downregulate Serpina1a, FAS ligand, CCL3, TIMP1, MMP3, collagen I and SNAI1 | Ameliorate renal fibrosis and the expression of collagen I, attenuate DN symptom | [140] |
