Fig. 1: Release of CAMPs in sepsis.
From: Chromatin-Associated Molecular Patterns (CAMPs) in sepsis
Septic insults, PAMPs, and other noxious stimuli activate immune cells (macrophages) to increase the expression and release of CAMPs, i.e., nuclear and mitochondrial DNAs, histones, RNAs, miRNAs, extracellular traps, HMGB1, and eCIRP. CAMPs are released through active processes like exosomes and GSDMD-mediated pores and passive release mechanisms like pyroptosis, necroptosis, ETosis, and secondary necrosis. PRR Pattern recognition receptor, GSDMD Gasdermin D, HMGB1 High mobility group box 1, eCIRP extracellular CIRP, CAMPs chromatin-associated molecular patterns, exDNA extracellular DNA, mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA, TERRA Telomeric repeat-containing RNA.
