Fig. 2: FIIN-2 inhibited proliferation and induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in A549 and A549/DDP cells.

a A549 and A549/DDP cells were treated with different concentrations of FIIN-2 for 24 h, and cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. b The IC50 of FIIN-2 on A549 and A549/DDP cells was calculated. c TUNEL staining was used to observe the apoptosis-inducing effect of FIIN-2. d Cells were stained with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and propidium iodide (PI), and the apoptosis rate was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. e Cells were treated with FIIN-2 (10 μmol/L) for 24 h, and the changes in MMP were detected by JC-1 staining (red: JC-1 aggregates; green: JC-1 monomers). Scale bar: 50 μm. f The effects of FIIN-2 (0–20 μmol/L) on the apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved Caspase-3 were estimated by western blot analysis. β-tubulin was used as a loading control. Each bar corresponds to the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001. CF-, cleaved Caspase-3.