Fig. 6: Distribution of RPE microvilli and apoptosis of the nuclei in the ONL of Mdm1+/+ and Mdm1−/− mice.

a Immunofluorescence staining of Mdm1 (red) and Ezrin (green) in the retinas of Mdm1+/+ or Mdm1−/− mice at the indicated ages. Representative images are shown (n > 5 per group). Arrows indicate the nucleus surrounded by RPE microvilli. Scale bar, 10 μm. b TEM images of the ONL of the retina in Mdm1+/+ and Mdm1−/− mice. Arrows indicate the RPE microvilli surrounding the nucleus. Arrowheads indicate microvilli extending from the RPE. Scale bar, 1 μm. N, nucleus. c TUNEL staining and quantification of TUNEL-positive cells of the ONL in the retinas of Mdm1+/+ or Mdm1−/− mice. The TUNEL staining photograph shows a representative image obtained from the center of the retina. The quantitative graph shows the percentage of TUNEL ( + ) cells in the total ONL cells including both the central and peripheral parts of the retina. Scale bar, 10 μm. Values are the means ± SEM; n = 5, 3, and 5 mice in Mdm1+/+, 7 weeks Mdm1−/− mice, and 18 weeks Mdm1−/− mice, respectively (*P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA). d Scheme of retinal degeneration induced by Mdm1 deficiency. OS, outer segment; ONL, outer nuclear layer; OPL, outer plexiform layer; INL, inner nuclear layer; CC, connecting cilium; BB, basal body; IS, inner segment; N, nucleus.