Fig. 5: Pontin is required for TGFβ/SMAD signalling and critical for TGFβ-induced cell proliferation and invasion.

a Western blot analyses of TGFβR2, p-SMAD2/3, SMAD2/3 and CTGF in the established Pontin-silenced U87MG and U251 cells without or with TGFβ (5 ng/ml) treatment overnight. Loading control: GAPDH. b qRT-PCR detection of TGFβ/SMAD target gene expression in the established Pontin-silenced U87MG cells. c Effect of Pontin knockdown or overexpression on the CAGA12-Luc transcriptional response induced by TGFβ (5 ng/ml) in U87MG cells. d Effect of Pontin knockdown on TGFβ- or LY-induced cell proliferation and invasion assessed by EdU staining and transwell invasion assays, respectively. Representative images (left) and the comparison results (right) were shown. e Effect of Pontin overexpression on TGFβ- or LY-induced cell proliferation and invasion assessed by EdU staining and transwell invasion assays, respectively. Representative images (left) and the comparison results (right) were shown. Data in b–e are expressed as means ± SDs, n = 3. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA (Dunnett’s post test).