Fig. 1: Identification of impaired efferocytosis and dysregulated phospholipid metabolism in chronic pancreatitis(CP).

To establish a caerulein-induced CP model, PRSS1^Tg mice were intraperitoneally injected with 15 μg/ml caerulein dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline at a dose of 50 μg/kg each hour for 8 hours, twice per week, for a total of four weeks. A TUNEL staining to show apoptosis were performed and immunofluorescence staining was to detect the expression of F4/80 in pancreatic tissues from caerulein-treated PRSS1^Tg mice at weeks 0, 1, 2, and 4. DAPI staining to show nucleus was performed. The mean gray values were used to quantify the expression of F4/80 and the degree of apoptosis. B Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the proportion of macrophages maker(F4/80+PE-CY7), M1-like macrophages marker(CD86 + APC), and M2-like macrophages marker(CD206 + PE) in the pancreatic tissues of caerulein-treated PRSS1^Tg mice at weeks 0, 1, 2, and 4. C The expression levels of M1 macrophage markers (CD86 and TRL2) and M2a macrophage markers (CD206 and ARG1) in pancreatic tissues from caerulein-treated PRSS1^Tg mice were measured by immunohistochemistry, and immunohistochemical scoring was performed. D The levels of phospholipid metabolites were assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), orange represented high expression, blue mean low expression. The data are presented as the means ± SDs. Three biological replicates were performed. Significant differences between two groups were analyzed by Student’s t test, and one-way analysis of variation was performed to investigate the differences among more than two groups. ns no significant difference; *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001. Scale bars = 100 µm.