Table 1 The function of mutp53 and the corresponding regulatory mechanisms.

Genetic instability

Osteosarcoma

Topoisomerase I

Promotes gene amplification

[67]

[69]

Mre11

Causes ineffective activation of ATM and genetic instability

Lung cancer

Cyclin A, CHK1

Promotes proliferation of cells with genomic abnormalities

[70]

Breast cancer

E2F4

Inhibits DNA damage repair

[71]

Lung adenocarcinoma

Cell in cell

Causes abnormal mitosis and genomic instability

[72]

Ferroptosis

Lung cancer

SLC7A11

p53 ^3KR induces cell ferroptosis

[76]

p53^4KR98]does not induce ferroptosis

[82]

Oesophageal cancer

NRF2

Causes cell ferroptosis

[79]

Microenvironment

Colon cancer

TAM

Renders macrophages in a pro-tumor state

[92]

NSCLS

ID4

Leads to tumor angiogenesis

[93]

Leukemia

VEGF

Leads to tumor growth and metastasis

[94]

Breast cancer

NF-κB

Causes an increased inflammatory response

[95]

Colon adenocarcinoma

sIL-1Ra

Generates a pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment

[96]

Stemness

Colon cancer

Lgr5, CD44

Promotes the expression of markers of CSCs

[99]

Glioblastoma

WIP

Increases the expression of CSC-like markers

[100]

Colorectal cancer

lncRNA

Enhances the stemness

[101]

Breast cancer

MiR-200c

Promotes cancer stemness

[102]

Lung adenocarcinoma

MiR-324-5p

Promotes cancer stemness

[103]

Clinical

Colorectal cancer

Bax, Bak, VDAC

Inhibits apoptosis of tumor cells

[105]

EFNB2

Causes chemoresistance

[111]

Osteosarcoma

Procaspase-3

Causes chemoresistance

[108]

Colon cancer

PUMA

Causes chemoresistance

[109]

p73

Inhibits apoptosis of tumor cells

[110]

MDR1

Causes chemoresistance

[112]