Fig. 6: Kinase and phosphorylated kinase protein levels after 3-week BMP4 treatment to seminiferous tubules (STs) in vitro.

A Western blot; B, C Quantitative data of pERK1/2, ERK1/2, pAMPK, AMPK, and their ratio. Mean ± SEM, n = 3. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 indicate significant differences compared to control (0 ng/mL BMP4).