Fig. 7: Serum testosterone (T) levels and RNA-seq analysis BMP4-treated testis in vivo.

A Animal protocol i.t. of 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 ng/testis BMP4 on day 14 to day 28 after EDS (ethanedimethane sulfonate); B Serum T levels, Mean ± SEM, n = 6; C mRNA HeatMap between BMP4 (1 and 10 ng/testis) and control (0 ng/testis) samples; red indicates upregulated genes, green indicates downregulated genes, mean ± SEM, n = 3; D downregulated gene GO, mean ± SEM, n = 3; E upregulated gene GO, mean ± SEM, n = 3; F BMP4 pathway; G steroidogenic pathway; Green indicates downregulated genes ≥2 fold, purple indicates genes not found. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 indicate significant differences compared to control (0 ng/testis BMP4).