Fig. 8: Evaluation of ALOX15 distribution in fibrotic kidney and its association with renal fibrosis.

Kidney section on day 12 after UUO surgery were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and immunostained using anti-F4/80 plus Alexa Fluor 594 anti-rat antibodies and anti-ALOX15 plus Alexa Fluor 488 anti-rabbit antibodies (A). As an isotype control, each primary antibody was replaced with the same amount of rat and rabbit NI-IgG. The nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Arrowheads indicate the similar distributions between ALOX15 and F4/80. Scale bar = 50 μm. Representative results in at least three independent samples were shown. The numbers of F4/80+ ALOX15+ cells and F4/80+ cells infiltrating kidney of WT and TG2KO mice after UUO were presented (B). Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3) (**P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, Student’s t test). Schematic showing the molecular mechanism by which TG2 causes M2 polarization via ALOX15 expression and its metabolism in mouse and human macrophages, leading to renal fibrosis (C).