Fig. 1: Hepatic but not renal PDE4D was upregulated during kidney injury induced by HFD.

A Body weight, liver weight, and kidney weight of mice fed normal chow (NC) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks (n = 6). B HE (upper panel) and Oil red O (lower panel) staining of mouse livers. C HE, Oil red O, PAS, and Sirius red staining of mouse kidney. D TUNEL staining of NC and HFD mouse kidneys. E Serum creatinine and BUN levels of the two groups of mice. F The protein levels of PDE4D in NC and HFD mouse livers and kidneys (n = 6). Data are shown as the means ± SEMs. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 by two-tailed Student’s t test.