Fig. 2: PDPN+ CAFs promote tumor cells mobility and proliferation in vitro and in vivo.

A Representative morphology of CAFs derived from patients with OSCC. Scale bar, 200 μm. B Western blot analysis of PDPN, TGF-β1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in PDPN-transfected CAFs. C Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis of TGF-β1, MMP2, and MMP9 expression in conditioned medium of PDPN-transfected CAFs. Student’s t test for two-group comparison: **P < 0.01. D The effect of PDPN-transfected CAFs indirect co-culture with OSCC cells on colony formation examined by colony formation assay. Student’s t test for two-group comparison: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. E The migration of OSCC cells direct co-cultured with PDPN-transfected CAFs was measured by wound healing assay. Bar, 200 μm. Student’s t test for two-group comparison: **P < 0.01. F SCC15 cells were co-injected with PPDN-overexpressed CAFs into nude mice (n = 6 for each group) subcutaneously. Tumors volume and weigh were evaluated. Student’s t test for two-group comparison: **P < 0.01. G Representative H&E and immunohistochemical staining images of Ki67 in SCC15 cells xenograft tumor tissue were shown. Scale bar, 100 μm.