Fig. 5: AXL inhibits sorafenib-induced immunogenic cell death, which could be rescued by TNF-α and IFN-α in sorafenib-resistant HCC.

A WB analysis of secretory HMGB1 in the conditioned media of Sen and SoraRes HepG2 cells upon sorafenib treatment at the indicated concentrations. B ATP concentrations in the conditioned media collected from Sen and SoraRes HepG2 cells upon sorafenib treatment. C Representative FACS plots (left) and percentages (right chart) of membrane calreticulin expression in Sen and SoraRes HepG2 cells upon sorafenib treatment. D WB analysis of secretory HMGB1 in the conditioned media of Sen and SoraRes HepG2 cells treated with BGB324 at the indicated concentrations. E ATP concentrations in the conditioned media collected from Sen and SoraRes HepG2 cells treated with BGB324. F Representative FACS plots (left) and percentages (right chart) of membrane calreticulin expression in Sen and SoraRes HepG2 cells treated with BGB324. G WB analysis of secretory HMGB1 in the conditioned media of SoraRes HepG2 cells treated with either IFN-α or TNF-α alone or combined IFN-α and TNF-α in the presence or absence of sorafenib. H ATP concentrations in the conditioned media collected from SoraRes HepG2 cells treated with either IFN-α or TNF-α alone or combined IFN-α and TNF-α in the presence or absence of sorafenib. I Representative FACS plots (top) and percentages (bottom chart) of membrane calreticulin expression in SoraRes HepG2 cells treated with either IFN-α or TNF-α alone or combined IFN-α and TNF-α in the presence or absence of sorafenib. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; n.s. not significant on a two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test for (B–F) and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test for H, I.