Fig. 3: Engineering strategies in the use of EVs for the treatment of OP. | Cell Death & Disease

Fig. 3: Engineering strategies in the use of EVs for the treatment of OP.

From: Enhancing osteoporosis treatment with engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: mechanisms and advances

Fig. 3

a Cargo loading, by modulating the expression of cargos within EVs through plasmids or electroporation to act as a therapeutic OP. b Surface modification, by adding aptamers or specific peptides to the surface of EVs it is possible to specifically target EVs to target cells and improve the efficiency of EVs therapy. c Combined biomaterials, by applying a protective layer to the surface of EVs or loading EVs on a biological scaffold it is possible to reduce the loss of delivered EVs, control the rate of EVs release in the release rate in vivo and improve the stability of EVs. d Combination therapy, by combining EVs with therapeutic drugs through click chemistry to amplify the therapeutic effect. Generated by BioRender.

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