Fig. 6: Chronic AOPP loading in vivo inhibited autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis in granulosa cells of Sprague-Dawley rats.

A Representative images of immunohistochemical staining for LC3, p-mTOR, and TFEB in granulosa cells of rats in the PBS group, RSA group, AOPP group, and AOPP + NAC group (n = 9). B Representative blots and quantification showing PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR, p-mTOR, TFEB, p62, LC3B, and LAMP1 in the PBS group, RSA group, AOPP group, and AOPP + NAC group (n = 9). The results are expressed as the mean ± SD from experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests for post hoc comparisons.