Fig. 7: A model of AOPPs attenuating the autophagy-lysosome pathway in ovarian granulosa cells by modulating the ROS-dependent mTOR-TFEB pathway.

AOPP-induced accumulation of intracellular ROS activated the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, which resulted in downregulation of TFEB and hindered TFEB translocation to the nucleus, thereby inhibiting autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis in granulosa cells.