Fig. 1: Upregulated RNF166 promotes CRC progression.

RNF166 expression in normal colon tissue and colon cancer tissue from the UALCAN website (A) and paired samples of COAD from the GSE44076 dataset (B). C Immunohistochemistry showing RNF166 expression in 73 paired human CRC samples. The representative image is on the left, and statistical analysis of positive cases is on the right (χ2 = 96.019, p < 0.001). D Kaplan–Meier survival curves showing the association between tumor RNF166 levels and the probability of survival in CRC patient cohorts from UALCAN websites (p = 0.012). Proliferation (E), anchorage-independent growth (F), and migration ability (G) of HCT116 and SW620 cells with or without RNF166 knockdown. H HCT116 cells stably transfected with RNF166 shRNA and control were subcutaneously inoculated into immunodeficient mice. The xenograft tumors were resected and measured at the final timepoint, with 5 mice per cohort. For (E−H), *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001.