Table 2 MSCs enhance apoptosis of target cells.

miR-23b-5p

By reversing the TRIM14-activated PI3K/AKT pathway

Reduce the proliferation and induce apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells

[123]

miR-205

By inhibiting rhophilin Rho GTPase binding protein 2

Retard prostate cancer progression

[124]

IFN-β

By upregulating TRAIL expression

Induce apoptosis of MDA cells

[125]

Fas-L

By Fas/Fas-L pathway

Induce apoptosis of MM cells

[126]

By downregulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

Inhibit U251 cells proliferation and the EMT-like

[127]

By altering cell cycle arrest and MMP7 signaling-triggered EMT

Inhibit PDAC cell proliferation, tumor growth and invasion

[128]

Inhibit proliferation rate and increase the apoptosis rate

[129]

Decrease cell viability and increase apoptosis

[130]

IDO

Inhibit T-cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis of activated T cells

[131]

PD-L1

Suppress the activation of CD4+ T cells, downregulate interleukin-2 secretion and induce irreversible hyporesponsiveness and cell death

[132]

Fas-L

Fas-regulated monocyte chemotactic protein 1 recruit T cells for Fas-L-mediated apoptosis

[18, 133]

Through inhibiting TGF-β1 and Smad3 expression and increasing Smad7 protein expression

Promote hepatic stellate cells apoptosis

[134, 135]

Via the BATF2/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

Facilitate relieve ankylosing spondylitis

[136]

miR-26a

Related to the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway

Inhibit the proliferation of high glucose-induced human skin fibroblasts cells, and promote cell apoptosis

[137]