Fig. 2: The pleiotropic changes in response to single-agent and combined therapy suggested that TCC might activate the immune response to tumours.

a We collected resected tumours from mouse PDX models and conducted scRNA-seq. The tSNE plots of DEGs (b) and cell clusters (c). d Twenty main cell clusters were identified among cells from 6 groups with the expression of certain marker genes. e These identified cell clusters could be assigned to known cell lineages through 20 marker genes. f After observing changes in the number of cells in each cluster after treatment with a single agent or combined agent, different clusters showed pleiotropic changes. Differentially expressed genes among the 6 groups were used to carry out gene enrichment analysis (g) and pathway enrichment analysis (h).