Table 1 Potential application of EVs in GC immunotherapy.

From: Extracellular vesicles mediated gastric cancer immune response: tumor cell death or immune escape?

Potential drug or nano-preparation

Target immune cell

Treatment strategy based on EVs

Ref.

LSD1 inhibitors

T cell

Target the production and cargo of EVs

[28]

MLT

Macrophage

Target the production and cargo of EVs

[14]

mJPYZ

Macrophage

Target the production and cargo of EVs

[56]

iRGD-Exos-rMETase

DCs

EVs as drug carriers

[107]

EVs-PD-1 antibodies and doxorubicin

DCs

EVs as drug carriers

[108]

CDK-004

Macrophage

EVs as drug carriers

NCT05375604