Table 2 Ferroptosis-related inhibitors.

From: Advances in research on immunocyte iron metabolism, ferroptosis, and their regulatory roles in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases

Mechanisms

Ferroptosis-related inhibitors

Functions

Reference.

Iron chelators

Deferoxamine (DFO)

Reacts with Fe3+ to induce GPX4, xCT and glutathione expression

[343, 344]

Deferasirox (DFX)

Binds Fe3+ to inhibit ROS generation

[345, 346]

Ciclopirox

Binding Fe3+

[330]

Deferiprone

Reduce iron levels, improve mitochondrial function, and reduce reactive oxygen species levels

[347]

BMS536924

bound iron ions

[348]

Lipid peroxidation inhibitor or glutathione transport system activator

Liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1)

Inhibit mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and restore the expression of GSH, GPX4 and ferroptosis inhibitory protein 1

[349]

ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1)

Induces GPX4 protein expression and reduces lipid ROS

[350]

Quercetin (QCT)

Reduce MDA and lipid ROS levels and increase GSH levels

[351]

Lapatinib

Restoring GPX4 expression

[352]

SREBF2

Induces transferrin (TF) transcription and reduces intracellular iron pools, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation levels

[352]

SRS 16-86

Upregulate the expression of GPX4, GSH and xCT and inhibit lipid peroxidation

[353]

N-acetylcysteine (NAC)

Induces GPX4 expression

[354]

Zileuton

Reduce ROS levels, lipoxygenase inhibitors

[355]

CMS121

Reduce inflammation and lipid peroxidation

[356]

Vitamin E

Reduce lipid peroxidation

[357]

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