Fig. 6: DCAF1 enhances glucose deprivation-induced autophagy.

A–D Stable Lv-Flag-DCAF1 promotes Rheb degradation, inhibits mTORC1 activity, and enhances glucose deprivation-induced autophagy. Huh7, HCT116, and EC109 cells with stably overexpressed DCAF1 were cultured in glucose-free medium for different durations and collected for IB analysis (A) or immunofluorescence detection of LC3 (B). Scale bars: 50 μm. The statistical analysis for panel B was shown in panel C. The cells treated as in panel B were collected and analyzed by IB (D). E, F Huh7, HCT116, and EC109 cells were cultured with and without glucose-free medium and treated with NR1 (E) or rapamycin (F). Cell proteins were collected and analyzed. G Stable sgDCAF1 or its counterparts were cultured with glucose-free medium. Cell proteins were collected at indicated times and analyzed using IB. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 by Student’s t test (C). All data were representative of at least three independent experiments (n = 3).