Fig. 1: Association of ONECUT2 with Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and gastric cancer (GC).

A Volcano and heat map illustrations of overlap analysis for differential expressed genes (DEGs) filtered from human and mouse GC cohorts, respectively. The overlap of these genes identified eight candidate genes. B UMAP plot of nine human stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) samples used for single-cell RNA sequencing. C UMAP plot displays two categories of human STAD samples: HP-infected and uninfected. D ONECUT2 mRNA expression in the nine human STAD samples. E ONECUT2 mRNA expression in human STAD specimens grouped by HP infection status. F UMAP plot visualization of 10 specific cell types. G Among these cell clusters, ONECUT2 expression is shown to be elevated in epithelial cells. H Genomic Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) shows enrichment of TNFα signaling via NFκB and mTORC1 signaling pathways in cancer cells expressing ONECUT2. I ONECUT2 mRNA levels show high expression in human GC tissue in our center’s sequencing data (n = 36). ***P < 0.001. J, K Comparison of ONECUT2 mRNA levels in human GC tissue and paired non-tumor tissue from our center further reveals high ONECUT2 transcript levels in GC tissue. (n = 75, P = 0.038). L Representative images showing ONECUT2 protein detection in GC tissue and paired non-tumor tissue by western blotting. M ONECUT2 protein expression was higher in human GC tissue compared with paired non-tumor tissue from our center (n = 92, P = 0.019).