Fig. 1: Decreased expression of pre-mRNA splicing factors in ALF.

A Schematic diagram of the experimental setup. Mice (n = 3) were first injected with CCl4 or APAP for 24 h, after which their livers were collected for RNA-Seq, mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, and real-time PCR. B Volcano plots showing up- or downregulated proteins in APAP-treated, CCl4-challenged, or oil-treated groups according to MS. Splicing-associated and oxidative stress-related proteins are shown in orange and green, respectively. C Comparison of protein expression patterns in the livers of CCl4- and APAP-treated mice. Graphics indicate the proteins that showed increased or decreased expression in the livers. A total of 80 oxidative phosphorylation pathway-related proteins were decreased in both CCl4- and APAP-treated mice, and the 54 pre-mRNA splicing-related proteins downregulated in both CCl4- and APAP-treated mice are listed on the right. D GO analysis of MS data showing the proteins differentially expressed in both CCl4- and APAP-treated mice. E Volcano plots showing up- or downregulated genes in the control and CCl4-challenged groups according to RNA-Seq. Splicing-related factors are shown in orange. F Using real-time PCR, the expression of splicing-related genes was detected in mouse livers following APAP administration for 24 h. G Expression of splicing-related genes in ALF (n = 17) and control (n = 17) clinical samples from GSE96851.