Table 1 The role of macrophages in TME of HCC.

From: Biological impact and therapeutic implication of tumor-associated macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma

Molecular pathway

Remark

Ref

HMGA1/NF-κB/CCL2

The upregulation of NF-κB/CCL2 axis by HMGA1 to increase progression of HCC through macrophage recruitment

[236]

HDAC2/ACKR3

HDAC2 increases expression level of ACKR3 through STAT1 to induce M2 polarization

[237]

APOC1

Downregulation of APOC1 increases M1 polarization of macrophages

[238]

miR-142-3p

Propofol suppresses tumorigenesis in HCC through transfer of miR-142-3p from macrophages to tumor cells through macrovesicles

[239]

IRE1α

Genipin reduces IRE1α expression on TAMs to suppress HCC progression

[240]

HMGB1/IL-6

HMGB1 induced reprogramming of macrophages to secrete IL-6 for tumorigenesis in HCC

[241]

STAT3

TAMs increase STAT3 expression in cancer progression acceleration

[76]

CXCR4/ERK

Extracellular ubiquitin evokes M2 polarization of TAMs through stimulation of CXCR4/ERK axis

[242]

CCAT1/Let-7b/HMGA2

TAMs increase HCC progression through stimulation of CCAT1/Let-7b/HMGA2 axis

[243]

–

Deletion of Dicer in hepatocytes stimulates M1 polarization

[244]

miR-98/IL-10

miR-98 reduces IL-10 expression in suppressing impact of TAMs in increasing proliferation and metastasis

[245]

H19/miR-193b/MAPK1

Macrophages increase H19 expression to increase MAPK1 expression through mIR-193b downregulation in increasing carcinogenesis

[246]

miR-125a/b/CD90

CD90 modulation by miR-125a/b suppresses TAMs

[247]

miR-98

miR-98 inhibits function of TAMs in EMT induction

[248]

miR-155

miR-155 stimulates M2 polarization of macrophages to increase tumorigenesis

[249]

PART1

The presence of lncRNA PART1 in extracellular vesicles derived tumor cells increases M2 polarization of TAMs

[250]

miR-26a/M-CSF

miR-26a reduces M-CSF to suppress macrophage recruitment

[219]

COX-2

LncRNA COX-2 suppresses M2 polarization of macrophages

[166]

HMMR-AS1/miR-147a/ARID3A

HMMR-AS1 increases ARID3A expression through miR-147a inhibition to induce M2 polarization

[251]

LINC00662/Wnt

LINC00662 increases Wnt expression to induce M2 polarization

[252]

Circ_0074854

Silencing circ_0074854 impairs M2 polarization of TAMs

[253]

miR-452-5p

Exosomal miR-452-5p stimulates M2 polarization and increases tumorigenesis

[254]

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