Fig. 1: Erianin inhibits the malignant progression of GBM.

a Morphological changes in representative U87 and U118 cells after treatment with different concentrations of erianin. Scale bar = 50 μm. b, c Cell viability of GSCm01 and GSCm03 after treatment with erianin at different times and concentrations, measured using CCK-8. d–g IC50 of GSCm01 and GSCm03 at 24 and 48 h after treatment with erianin, measured using CCK-8. h, i Representative EdU assay showing proliferation and quantitative analysis of GSCm01 and GSCm03 after erianin treatment. Scale bar = 50 μm. j, k Representative results of cell cycle assay and quantitative analysis of GSCm01 and GSCm03 after erianin treatment. l, m Migration assays of GSCm01 and GSCm03 using a Transwell 24-well plate without extracellular matrix gel, and quantitative analysis after erianin treatment. Scale bar = 50 μm. n, o Invasion assays of GSCm01 and GSCm03 using a Transwell 24-well plate with extracellular matrix gel, and quantitative analysis after erianin treatment. Scale bar = 50 μm. p, q NSFA revealing the size of neurospheres and quantitative analysis of GSCm01 and GSCm03 after erianin treatment. Scale Bar = 50 μm. r, s ELDA showing the neurosphere-forming ability of GSCm01 and GSCm03 after erianin treatment. t Western blotting of the stemness marker in GSCm01 and GSCm03 after erianin treatment. All data are shown as the mean ± SD (five independent experiments). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns no significance.