Fig. 1: Mesenchymal Cyld-DUB deficiency deteriorates arthritic disease of hTNFTg mouse model.

a Gross appearance and the corresponding b hindpaws and c forepaws of Cyldf/f, hTNFTg Cyldf/f and hTNFTg CyldM-Δ9/Δ9 mice at 6 weeks of age. d Weight differences among Cyldf/f, hTNFTg Cyldf/f and hTNFTg CyldM-Δ9/Δ9 mice at age of 4 and 8 weeks. e Histological examination of joints to evaluate inflammation (H/E panel), cartilage degradation (Toluidine blue-T/B panel) and bone erosions (Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-TRAP panel) in serial sections of 8-week old mice (n = 5–7 mice/group); Scale bar: 500 μm. f mCT-based imaging and histomorhometric indexes for hTNFTg Cyldf/f and hTNFTg CyldM-Δ9/Δ9 mice at age of 4 and 8 weeks (n = 9–13, week 4; n = 4–8, week 8). (BV/TV (%) bone volume fraction, Tb.Th. trabecular thickness, Tb.N trabecular number, Tb.Sp trabecular separation). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001 by two-tailed Student’s t-test (e, f).