Table 1 EP subtypes and EP-DNA studies organized by EV size.
From: Extracellular vesicle-associated DNA: ten years since its discovery in human blood
Extracellular particles | EV or EP subtypes | Markers | Type of DNA | Size | Isolation | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non Vesicular Extracellular nanoparticles (NVEPs) | Supermeres | TGFBI HSPA13 ENO1 ENO2 | None identified | 22–32 nm | Ultracentrifugation (367,000 g for 16 h) | [71] |
Exomeres | FASN ACLY | dsDNA with histones | 28–50 nm | Ultracentrifugation (167,000 g for 16 h) OR Asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation | ||
Chromatimeres | EGFR | dsDNA | ? | Size exclusion chromatography (7th fraction) | [54] | |
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) | Small EVs (exosome-like) | CD63 CD81 CD9 TSG101 Syntenin1 | Absent | 40–200 nm | Ultracentrifugation (100,000 g for 70 min) and density gradient ultracentrifugation (100,000 g for 18 h) | [5] |
Shed midbody remnants (sMB-Rs) | MKLP1 RACGAP1 | Absent | 300–600 nm | Density gradient (100,000 g for 18 h) | [72] | |
Microvesicles | ARF6 Annexin A1 Flotillin β1-integrin | dsDNA | 150–1000 nm | Ultracentrifugation (10,000 g for 30 min) | [34] | |
Migrasomes | TSPAN4 Integrin a5 Integrin β1 | mtDNA | 500–3000 nm | Ultracentrifugation (20,000 g for 30 min) with optiprep density gradient (150,000 g for 4 h) | [62] | |
Large Oncosomes | ARF6 V-ATPase G1 CK18 Annexin A1 | dsDNA Chromatin fragments | 1000–10000 nm | Ultracentrifugation (10,000 g for 30 min) and iodixanol density gradient (100,000 g for 3 h 50 min) | [52] | |
Apoptotic EVs | Annexin V | dsDNA Chromatin fragments | 100–5000 nm | Ultracentrifugation (1,200 g for 30 min) |
