Fig. 5: DKK1 inhibited the infiltration of intra-tumor infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

A The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of tumor cells in samples with distinct immune infiltration patterns. B Pathway analysis unveiled distinct biological activities in two types of tumor areas. C Expression patterns of the most varied transcription factors (TFs) in two types of tumor areas. D DKK1 was identified as the potential tumor marker correlating with immune exclusion. E DKK1 exhibited elevated expression in tumor cells compared to normal epithelial cells. F DKK1 exhibited elevated expression in tumor cells compared to immune cells and stromal cells. G The spatial expression patterns of DKK1 in two immune infiltration types of samples. H Patients with high DKK1 levels had shorter survival time. I Immunohistochemistry images of DKK1 in our cohort consisting of 70 HCC patients. J Boxplots displaying the distribution of DKK1 in normal, early and advanced stage samples. K Immunohistochemistry images of DKK1 in immune exclusion and immune activation samples. L Boxplots displaying the distribution of DKK1 in immune exclusion and immune activation samples (M).