Fig. 1: COX6A2 enhances the apoptosis of β-cells in diabetes.
From: FXR-regulated COX6A2 triggers mitochondrial apoptosis of pancreatic β-cell in type 2 diabetes
A–C COX6A2 protein was determined (A) in islets isolated from Wistar and GK rats, (B) in islets isolated from wild-type and db/db mice, and (C) in islets isolated from high-fat-diet-induced and normal diet mice, respectively. Bars represent means ± SEM, n = 3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (t-test). D Cleaved-caspase3 protein was examined in vector and COX6A2 overexpression INS-1 832/13 cells. Bars represent means ± SEM, n = 7. **p < 0.01 (t-test). E A flow cytometer was used to determine the apoptosis in vector and COX6A2 overexpression INS-1 832/13 cells. n = 4. **p < 0.01 (t-test). F Cleaved-caspase3 protein was examined in scramble control and sh-Cox6a2 INS-1 832/13 cells by treatment with 0.4 mM PA for 48 h. Bars represent means ± SEM, n = 5. **p < 0.01 (t-test). G A flow cytometer was used to determine the apoptosis in scramble control and sh-Cox6a2 INS-1 832/13 cells by treatment with 0.4 mM PA for 48 h. n = 3. *p < 0.05 (t-test). H Representative immunostaining images for cleaved-caspase3 (red), Insulin (green), DAPI (blue), and merge of the three in islets from GK-AAV9-vector and GK-AAV9-Cox6a2-KO rats; n = 3. Bars represent 20 μm. I Cleaved-caspase3 protein was examined in islets from GK-AAV9-vector and GK-AAV9-Cox6a2-KO rats. Bars represent means ± SEM, n = 3. **p < 0.01 (t-test). J Representative immunostaining images for Insulin (green), DAPI (blue), and merge of the two in islets from GK-AAV9-vector and GK-AAV9-Cox6a2-KO rats. Bars represent means ± SEM, n = 3, Bars represent 100 μm. *p < 0.05 (t-test). K Plasma insulin level at 0, 2, 5, 10 and 30 min in GK-AAV9-vector and GK-AAV9-Cox6a2-KO rats after intraperitoneal administration of 2 g/kg glucose. Data represent means ± SEM, n = 4. **p < 0.01 (t-test). L The area under the curves (AUV) was calculated for plasma insulin. Bars represent means ± SEM, n = 4. *p < 0.05 (t-test). M The glucose level at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min in GK-AAV9-vector and GK-AAV9-Cox6a2-KO rats after intraperitoneal administration of 2 g/kg glucose. Data represent means ± SEM, n = 4. **p < 0.01 (t-test). N The area under the curves (AUV) was calculated for (M). Bars represent means ± SEM, n = 4. *p < 0.05 (t-test). O Glucose level of GK-AAV9-vector and GK-AAV9-Cox6a2-KO rats after virus injection. Data represent means ± SEM, n = 4. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (t-test).
