Fig. 1: OXA-resistant HCC cells exhibit active histone lactylation.

A IC50 values of OXA-sensitive (Ctrl) and OXA-resistant strains (Res) in Lm3 cells. (The dashed line represents the drug concentration at which 50% of cells survive.) B IC50 values of OXA-sensitive (Ctrl) and OXA-resistant strains (Res) in Huh7. (The dashed line represents the drug concentration at which 50% of cells survive.) C, D Glycolysis-related enzyme mRNA levels detected via qRT‒PCR in Lm3 and Huh7 cells (n = 3). E–G Glycolysis-related enzyme protein levels in Lm3 and Huh7 cells were detected via western blotting (n = 3). H Intracellular lactate production occurs in OXA-sensitive (Ctrl) and OXA-resistant (Res) cells in Lm3 and Huh7, respectively (n = 3). I Western blot analysis of PKla and histone lactylation protein levels in OXA-resistant cells. J, K Immunofluorescence confirmed the predominant intracellular localization of lactylation. Scale bar = 10 µm. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.