Fig. 5: Mitochondrial DNA promotes M2 polarization of TAMs and HCC proliferation in mice.

A Representative images of orthotopic HCC tissues treated as indicated (n = 6). B The ratio of mouse liver tumors to liver area was detected in individuals of A (n = 6). C qRT-PCR analysis of the expression levels of CD206 in orthotopic HCC tissues treated as indicated (n = 6). D Representative H&E staining (upper) and CD206 immunohistochemistry (under) images of orthotopic HCC tissues treated as indicated. Scale bar: 100 μm. E The percentage of CD206 positive macrophage in orthotopic HCC tissues was investigated by flow cytometry (n = 6). mtDNA, mice were injected with mtDNA. DNase I, mice were injected with mtDNA and DNase I. Clodronate, mice were injected mtDNA and with clodronate. F Western blot analysis of CD206 in orthotopic HCC tissues in mice treated as indicated. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 versus control group; ##P < 0.01; ###P < 0.001 versus mtDNA treated group.